Analysis Of James Joyce s Araby - 945 Words

James Joyce portrays fanciful mental images from a young boy’s perspective, through his story of Araby. A young boy has a friend name Mangan that lives across the street in which he began to watch Mangan’s sister through the windows and he starts to develop feelings for her that lead him to go to the Araby Bazaar. These feelings start to give the young boy assumptions about Mangan’s sister from the way she makes him feel leading to having these idealized characteristics about her. The emotions make the young boy feel like life is not as bad as it usually seems as he feels distracted from all the dysfunction that surrounds his life. As a result, his fantasies create some sort of a refuge for his thoughts and feelings. The young boy is caught up in an illusion he created for himself thus separates his perspective of reality. The Araby bazaar is where the boy has an epiphany of realization because his expectations were not met. Therefore, he begins to question if th e girl that he has ideals about, who stimulated motivation for him to go to the bazaar would come to par with his ideals about her. Mangan’s sister and the bazaar are symbols of the theme of fantasy driven by vanity that is represented by isolation, disappointment and love. The young boy creates a sense of isolation in his thoughts, due to the fact that he is engrossed in his desired perspectives. From watching a girl, he has already expressed that she does things to him out of his control: â€Å"I had never spoken toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby846 Words   |  4 Pagesup so high. In James Joyce’s short story â€Å"Araby† he uses the voice of a young boy as a narrator and describes his childhood growing up in Dublin. Joyce concentrates on description of character’s feeling rather than on plot to reveal the ironies inherent in self-deception. The story focuses on the disappointment, and enlightenment of the young boy and the gap between ideality and reality which I believe it is a retrospective of Joyce’s look back at life. On the simplest level, â€Å"Araby† is a story aboutRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby 1336 Words   |  6 Pagesand derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger.† Araby is a short story centering on an Irish adolescence boy emerging from boyhood fanaticizing into the harsh realities of everyday life in his country. It undergoes through the phases of self-discovery through a coming of age. It takes place in Dublin in 1894 when it was under British rule. The boy in the story is strongly correlated with the author James Joyce. Young Goodman Brown was another story in which the ending results onRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby 1437 Words   |  6 Pagesthat is nowadays recognized as the modernism which argues that life’s existence is subjective, people are not rational in thinking reality is built through personal experience. One of these writers was James Joyce, who was from a lower middle class in Dublin, Ireland. In his little s tory â€Å"Araby† Joyce shows us that at the time period that reality is built through personal experiences because life is what we make of it. He goes along to argue that how life is perceived is viewed differently throughRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby955 Words   |  4 PagesIn James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† a nameless boy who is infatuated with the sister of his friend, Mangan reveals his vain wishes and expectations as he tries to impress her buy purchasing a romantic gift. The unbearable crush that he has, lures him on a journey to a Dublin bazaar called Araby, to purchase the gift, but encounters obstacles that later on gives him a change of heart. Instead of realizing that he does not need gifts to express his love for her, he gives up instead. As optimistic as he was aboutRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby 1246 Words   |  5 Pages16 October 2014 Araby – James Joyce – Critical Analysis - Revision The visual and emblematic details established throughout the story are highly concentrated, with Araby culminating, largely, in the epiphany of the young unnamed narrator. To Joyce, an epiphany occurs at the instant when the spirit and essence of a character is revealed, when all the forces that endure and influence his life converge, and when we can, in that moment, comprehend and appreciate him. As follows, Araby is a story of anRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby 994 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story Araby, James Joyce provides the audience with a glimpse if 19th century Ireland seen through the eyes of an adolescent young man. It is this adolescence and the navies of the world that is under attack. Joyce masterfully reveals an innocence held by Araby by contrasting it with a setting filled with symbology that eludes to the hopeless reality in which he lives. Joyce injects a sense of unrealized bleakness for the protagonist by the imagery that he puts forth. â€Å"North RichmondRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby Essay2018 Words   |  9 PagesJames Joyce was an Irish novelist and poet in the early 20th century. Joyce was the writer of â€Å"Araby†. A stoty published in 1914, in which the writer preserves an episode of his life, more specific when he a young twelve years old boy. But was does the word â€Å"Araby† means? According to diccionaty.com, â€Å"Araby† is an archaic or poetic name for Arabia. In addition, the story is about a boy who falls in love with a woman, she is the sister of one of the boy’s classmates. The name of the woman is neverRead MoreComparative Analysis Of Epiphany, From James Joyce s Araby And The Dead1758 Words   |  8 PagesComparative Analysis of Epiphany, from James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"The Dead† James Joyce elaborately portrays the complexity of the human male psyche through his protagonists in â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"The Dead.† Through the use of first person perspective, each protagonists’ true motivations and perceptions of reality are betrayed by Joyce, therefore allowing the reader to fully understand the fallacies and complexities within each character. Through the depictions of such complexities, Joyce is able to leverageRead More The Decline of Chivalry Explored in Araby and AP Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesuseful motive to win hearts of women for centuries. However, as society constantly changes, the effectiveness of these chivalrous acts has diminished. In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and John Updike’s â€Å"AP†, this theory is explored, both telling the story of a boy whose efforts to impress the girl of their desires fail. As said by Well’s in his critical analysis of these stories, â€Å"Both the protagon ists have come to realize that romantic gestures—in fact, that the whole chivalric view [sic] --- are, in modernRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Dubliners1668 Words   |  7 PagesDubliners, by James Joyce is an outstanding example of how the use of point of view influences how characters and events are interpreted. Joyce writes the first three stories of Dubliners in the first person point of view, the rest are told in there person. Taking a look at a few of the short stories , Araby, Eveline, and Clay, it is obvious that Joyce s choice of narration as well as the complexity of how he carries out those narrations plays a significant role in the analysis of his work.

Malawi Financial Scoping Survey On Micro, Small, And...

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem Background The Malawi financial scoping survey on micro, small, and medium enterprises (2012) shows that Malawi has close to 760, 000 small business owners generating annual revenue of about US$2billion, but 60 per cent of whom do not use financial services. The small business owners in Malawi are relatively young with an average age of 31 years, with 70 per cent of them having just primary education. The MSME sector creates employment for just over a million people. The 2012 MSME survey established that 59% of MSMEs were excluded from financial services, as opposed to 31% that are formally served by some sort of financial system, with the balance relying on informal services. Only 22% are banked. Over three quarters do not borrow funds, primarily because they doubt their ability to repay loans. Of those who borrow, informal credit systems tend to be the primary source of credit. The survey establishes that the smaller the business in terms of number of employees the less likely that the owner has or uses banking services to manage the finances of their business. In recognition of the role that SMEs play in the economy, the Government of Malawi has made the development of SMEs a priority MSME policy (2007). Small and medium enterprises play an important role in providing employment, improving people’s livelihood and in the overall economy. It is therefore imperative that the MSMEs explore other cheaper means of finance e.g. equity,

The General Understanding of Technology Free Essays

â€Å"Technology is not an image of the world but a way of operating on reality. The nihilism of technology lies not only in the fact that it is the most perfect expression of the will to power †¦ but also in the fact that it lacks meaning. † (Octavio Paz) Technology is the general term for the processes by which human beings create tools and machines to increase their control and understanding of the material environment. We will write a custom essay sample on The General Understanding of Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is perhaps best understood in a historical context that traces the evolution of early humans from a period of very simple tools to the complex, large-scale networks that influence much of our modern-day life. For the past couple of decades, it has been unclear, whether technology is a positive movement or a path to self-destruction. The debate has led strong arguments from both sides, but the one thing that they both agree on is that technology involves a huge risk. However, the movement toward a technological workplace has been undoubtedly in the works for a long time and no matter what the critics say it will still continue to grow exponentially each year. As the world stumbles toward the twenty-first century, a shadow looms over the planet, a dawn of a new revolution: a revolution of work. Just as human history was forced to cope with the transformations that came with the rise of the Industrial Revolution, we now must deal with the end of that Revolution and the beginning of another. Although this technological revolution in the business world has been the subject of immense media hype and scrutiny in the past few years, it has occurred slowly but surely over the past few decades. The revolution reaches as far back as the invention of the telegraph in the 1850s. The invention of the telephone, fax machine, and more recent developments in wireless communication have offered businesses more flexibility and efficiency, and those willing to embrace these new technologies have found that they are more likely to survive and prosper than fade away as fads. As a result, employers persistently push for technological advancements regardless of the risks. Rumors about computers taking over people†s jobs run rampant through today†s high-speed network of communication. The fear of losing one†s job to a hard-cased metallic box is beyond anyone†s understanding. However strong of a possibility it may be, the technology age is far from it. As Nobel Peace Laureate Arno Penzias, chief scientist at Lucent Bell Labs, said â€Å"†¦ I can’t say anything is totally impossible–of a computer, no matter how powerful, replacing a human being. Human beings just do too many different things. † Technology still requires human interaction. For example, at a super-market, if the clerk scans a product over the bar code reader and the reader is unable to read the product correctly, the clerk must manually enter the number into the register. Arno goes on to reiterate that â€Å"Technology is a tool and it can make us whatever we are already, only more so. Today†s technology is in no state to replace humans, but rather is in a state requiring integration of human intuition and machine logic. The result is today’s heavily technological workplace, where proficiency with complex phone systems, fax machines, and networked computers is essential. These machines tend not only to liberate but also enslave the common worker. Critics argue that technology can be a positive influence, but with the current situation in which new technology grows each day, it is making more of a negative impact and generating additional hardship for the worker. A report by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA) warns that one out of every 10 jobs requiring information technology skills is going unfilled due to a shortage of qualified workers. † Critics claim that workers are unable to keep up with the speed at which technology is being unveiled and that employers are blinded by the â€Å"infinite possibilities† that technology promises. â€Å"It’s like running out of iron ore in the middle of the Industrial Revolution,† says the association’s (ITAA) president. A study says that an estimated 60% of new jobs in the year 2000 will require skills possessed by only 22% of new workers, thus requiring U. S. companies to send more of their work overseas where they can find eligible job candidates. Technology is a positive movement; however, it plays a key role in many cases of unemployment. As the rate of technological development quickens, those who do not work with these advancements on a day-to-day basis can become detached from the modern industry and consumer demands, thus becoming far less useful to a company. For example, a young employee at a bank in the past could become increasingly useful and valuable to his company as he aged, since his knowledge would be cumulative of all that he had experienced, since the industry would probably not undergo drastic changes in fifty years. Today, however, a 50-year-old manager of a computer firm would have started his career when punch cards were used to collect and store data in programs. For him to keep up with the astounding changes in the computer industry over the past 30 years would be a commendable achievement by itself, let alone running a company at the same time. However, despite the prosperity that technology may bring, the current trend of hardships in a technological workplace has deterred many young workers. A (ITAA) survey showed that 2,000 large and mid-sized companies found at least 190,000 unfilled information technology (IT) jobs. The report cited a decline in college graduates with degrees in mathematics or computer science. Currently, â€Å"With the median age at 40 and climbing, middle-aged and older workers will be the cores of tomorrow’s workforce (while younger workers will be scarce)†¦ To compete for the best workers, businesses will offer expanded employee benefits and flex scheduling to accommodate the needs of diverse ages and lifestyles. † These benefits that businesses promise to accommodate their workers with are beginning to appeal more and more in the eyes of younger workers and college grads. According to a study by Newsweek, traces of technological growth are already evident. The top three fastest growing and top paying jobs involve or directly use technology; Database manager at 11. %, Computer engineer at 10. 9%, and System†s Analyst at 10. 3%. The introduction of technology into the workplace sometimes poses difficult challenges for supervisors, and often the manager-employee relationship. Although a worker’s access to a phone or computer may theoretically increase his or her productivity, it also introduces new temptations for distraction and wasted time. In addition, employees become more isolated and their relationships with co-workers deteriorate. Client contacts can frequently be handled over the phone or by other electronic means, and although this usually proves more efficient and cost-effective than traditional person-to-person contact, it also results in a depersonalization of this relationship. Technological advancements also sometimes lead to divisions within a company between management and its employees. Management must decide to give workers the freedom associated with many of these technologies and construct a plan for monitoring employees use of these technologies, while keeping in mind that overbearing supervision leads to worker dissatisfaction and distrust of managers. In general, the relationships between individuals of any level of a company tend to suffer with the introduction of new technological methods. In summary, technology has changed our workplaces enormously. It has not only opened up opportunities, but has also changed the very nature of work. In the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial based economy the world has redefined work. Labor meant the men, women, and children in factories. However, those jobs are no longer there. The majority of people are no longer needed for the production of goods in the world with the advent of more modern mechanized production facilities. These trends foreshadow not just change but a seismic quake. A wave of change that will crash upon us with a force we haven†t known before. Many will see this new wave of change as frightening. But, it does not have to be viewed that way. Aside from all the loss and danger our collective future shows, it also offers unparalleled opportunity. How to cite The General Understanding of Technology, Essay examples

Cosmopolitanism Drivers Consumer Behavior -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cosmopolitanism Drivers Consumer Behavior? Answer: Introduction: The report discusses the importance of understanding consumer behaviour in the marketing strategy of a company. before launching a product in a market it is necessary to know the consumer behaviour of that market. In case the organizations fail to research the features of the market and pre-analyse the response of the customers, before launching a product, they will definitely face disaster. Consumer behaviour is a complex matter as it varies from people to people, market to market and product to product. Consumers have different attitudes and mind set up before they purchase anything in the market (Zeugner-Roth, Ã… ½abkar Diamantopoulos, 2015). Consumer attitudes also vary in consumption and disposal of any product. Understanding the consumer attitude needs to be supported by various models and theories which strengthen the companies in comprehending the marketing concepts as well ashelps them to market their product and services successfully. Moreover, these theories also help the companies judging the constantly changing market which mainly include the relentless changes in the standard of living, fashions, trends and upgradation of technology. Conceptualisation of these factors is of utmost importance because marketing and its success largely depend on these features. The report discusses the importance of customer behaviour in marketing strategy developments, various models to understand the customer behaviour and various factors that influence the consumers attitude in purchasing products or services. Consumer Behaviour influencing marketing and strategy development: Consumer behaviour aids as an essential tool for the marketers for meeting their sales aims. It refers to the attitude displayed by the censures when they decide to purchase, consume as well as dispose any specific products and services. It also includes searching for products and evaluation of the products where the customers evaluate the features of the products selected for purchase or consume. This also incorporate the consumer behaviour after the products have been purchased. This post purchase behaviour demonstrates the customer satisfaction as well as dissatisfaction where it comprises the disposal of product. The chief purpose of marketing a product is to properly cater the demand and expectations of the customers for which the study of consumer behaviour id important. As the companies produce their products to serve their customers, the sales or marketing department of a company always keep learning the changing likes and dislikes of their customers so that they can incorporate new designs or bring upgradation according to the market demand. More vigilant analysis helps in building more exact prediction about the customer behaviour towards a particular product of service. The business managers, sales person or the marketers of the organizations get help in the following ways: Designing the best products or services to collectively satisfy the requirements and expectations of the customers. Finding best ways through which the companies will reach the customers easily. Deciding the best price for the products so that the customers feel convinced to purchase the products. Exploring the best method of advertisement or promotion that prove to be effective or beneficial for the organization to attract the customers. It is important to consider the reasons, perfect time, method as well as other factors to influence the buying decision of the customers. In conceptualising the proper method of marketing needs proper knowledge of consumer behaviour in a market. It is essential for them to have proper knowledge about the expectations of the consumers as individual or groups and beside this, the method of sharing their experience for satisfying their needs. These help the marketers investigating and acquiring knowledge about the customer behaviours in a market according which they can have opportunity to position their products in the market as well as reach a specific groups or targeted individuals. The view point of the marketers always remains to serve their basic purpose which is to sell the products or services to more people and eventually gain more profit. This concept if profit making is highly followed by almost all the companies. Previously the marketers did not have to focus in knowing their customer behaviour as people were not so much aware as they are at present. The present market study reveals that the customers first judge all the features, usage and information of products that they decide to buy. Therefore, selling a product have become more difficult as they need to have considerable features to convince the target consumers. This is the reason the marketers need to undergo correct research to win their customers over. Models of consumer decision making: As mentioned before, the more marketers recognise the consumer behaviour or purchasing decisions of a market the better they can design their marketing mix. The rudimentary model of customer decision making includes a 5 level process need recognition, info search, assessment of alternatives purchasing decision and post-purchase evaluation. According to the researchers, the consumers unconsciously follow this model while purchasing any product from the market. An Economic Model Under an economic model, the consumers make right and rational economic choices, strictly adhering to this five-step process. They allot limited resources for achieving the best value for the purchases. The customers review all the varieties available, compare the features as well as the benefits finally make logical decisions whether to purchase or not. The businessmen or the marketers of the companies aiming to appeal their consumer need to make all the possible and necessary information readily available. Comparison charts can be available in the stores or market. Additional information about the products or services must be available through the companys web site as well as employ the well-trained staffs with ample knowledge about the products for sale. A Passive Model In passive model, the customers are rather irrational and take impulsive decisions. These customers are easily manipulated by advertising or promotion. Their purchasing decisions are usually based on wanting the products than needing the products (Wen et al, 2014). The companies therefore focus on generating that want through exciting advertisements that appeal to the excitements of the consumers. Extensive use of that particular products can be seen through in-store materials which call attention to the special deals thus increase impulsive buying. A Cognitive Model The markets have consumers who are thinking problem-solvers. It is a perfect blend of economic consumers as well as passive consumers. These people work through pre-mentioned 5 step process, yet not as strictly as the economic customers. For instance, their information findings do not always include all available information, but conclude while they acquire a comfortable understanding associated with the features and utilities of products to meet their expectations (Sharma, 2017). These type of consumers respond to the promotions based on the consumers who have received great value for money. Till they remain convinced that they are receiving a good deal, promotion and advertisements can motivate them to make the buying. An Emotional Model According to Consumer Behaviour experts there are some consumers who purchases based on their emotions such as fear, love, hope and joy. Many people purchase products with hope to preserve the memories of the past. The marketing experts, for instance, taps into this emotional appeal around many celebrations like the Thanksgiving or Christmas holidays and made it to roll out commercials (Cohen, Prayag Moital, 2014). These advertisements capture the human emotions with the purchase thus create the feeling of want among the customers. These commercials do not discuss the price or features of the products but tie it to the emotions of the consumers. Thus the companies first determine what sensitive connections their targeted consumers have to the products then build their promotional agendas around it. Influence of the internal factors: Internal factors chiefly depend on the consumers personal thoughts, feelings, concepts, attitudes, motivations as well as memory. These internal factors as also known as psychological factors. They portray the means through which the customers interrelate with universe, recognize emotions, collect and evaluate the information, advance ideas thus take definite decisions (Cantallops Salvi, 2014). Needs and purposes: The most considerable internal impact which marks the consumers purchasing choice is their personal requirements as well as motives. The expectations of the consumers can be discussed either as need of something or the gap between the desired and real states. Motive is the inner state of an individual that inspires to satisfy the specific need. All desires of the consumers are impossible to outline. However, thorough noteworthy researches have classified the needs of the consumers. By identifying the demands as well as motives of the consumers, the significant marketers get opportunity to influence the purchasing decisions of their consumers easily (Farr?Wharton, Foth Choi, 2014). The most applicable demand identification theory that are chiefly used by the marketers in order to motivate their customers to purchase their goods is the Need Theory of Mashlow. According to this theory, the marketers are need to identify and classify the needs of their customers so that they can be easily understood and used for influencing the consumers. The nature of demands is sometimes more urgent, while anothers are less persistent. Therefore, the needs become motivating factors when they are more urgent to lead the customers to pursue satisfaction. Understanding the demands of the markets is essential because only understanding them the marketers can direct their consumers needs towards their purchasing decisions. Every consumer has different requirements that may be their basic or psychological demands. Identification of the different needs of the consumers related with purchasing the products significantly assists the marketers in segmenting their target market as well as serving the consumers in most operative manner (Karimi, Papamichail Holland, 2015). Perception: Selection, organization and interpreting information to produce expressive experiences of world is known as perception. There are basically three diverse perceptual procedures such as selective attentions, selective alterations, selective retentions of the products or services. In case of selective attention, the marketers or sellers attempt to entice the attention of their customer. Beside this, in case of the selective distortion, the clients attempt to interpret the information in such a way which supports what the clients by now believe. Likewise, in case of the selective retention, the marketers attempt retaining information which supports the customers beliefs. Attitudes: one of the significant internal influences that affect the consumers buying behaviour is their attitude. It relates to what the people feel or think about something. Attitude is always mirrored in their acts and in their purchasing patterns. The study discloses that once the attitude of the people is formed, changing them is very hard (Maniatis, 2016). Therefore, if the consumers have any kind of undesirable attitude towards some specific products or issues, the marketers cannot change the customers belief very easily. Attitude reveals general evaluation which is long-lasting by the consumers about any products, services or companies. The attitudes inform the marketers about their consumers as well as their present position where they establish in an overall market place. Beside knowing their customers demands, through identification of their attitudes the companies can gain knowledge about the perceptions with their brand or products. In the modern era, the customers are exposed to a number of commercials and information though they do not remember all of these ads. However, despite this exposure, the customers easily screen the products if they find anything opposing their own attitudes (Maity Dass, 2014). Learning: Attitudes of the customers are learnt as they are formed by their individual experiences and get influenced deeply by personal concepts or personality. The attitudes of the individuals and their learnings are also influenced by friends and family members supported by widespread media coverage. For functioning effectively, it is vital for the organizations to influence the consumers' learnings as well as attitudes through creating as well as establishing some effective perceptions in their minds. By means of creating a positive image in the consumers minds is essential for influencing their knowledge and actions. However, this can be only done by attending them efficiently in all-inclusive manners (Martins, Oliveira Popovi?, 2014). Personality: this varies from people to people, place to place and time to time and. It greatly influences the purchasing behaviour of the customers. Actually, personality is not reflected by one, but it reflects the entirety of conduct of individual in diverse circumstances (Sharma, 2014). Personality relates with different characteristics, for example dominance, confidence and aggression that are be useful to regulate the behaviours of the consumers towards some products or services (Mhlmann, 2015). Influence of the external factors: Culture: the personal values, attitudes, opinions and beliefs of an individual are moulded by his culture. Cultures form the peoples attitude towards buying some particular products and services. The culture of the customers indulges their numerous emotional demands. Due to this reason, people attempt to defend the cultural values as well as beliefs. This attempt to protect their culture is reflected in their behaviour as the consumers (Oyserman Schwarz, 2017). Culture can develop the consumer needs and as well as also affect the satisfaction of their necessity. In this way, the culture illustrates how the customers satisfy as well as fulfil their needs in a more effective way. The eminent marketers collect huge information about the cultural values of their specific target markets by assessing their family background, value, religious establishments as well as education associations. The marketing managers of the eminent companies create messages through advertisements which are mo re tempting for attracting their consumers (Rani, 2014). Social class: Each society has some types of social class which is significant for the marketing sectors as the purchasing behaviour of the people in some specific social class has been found to be quite similar. social class however, is not determined by their income, but many other factors like wealth, education and occupation. Thus marketing activities are adapted differently for different social classes (Rezaei, 2015). Reference groups: the reference groups have all the potentials for the development of the attitudes and behaviours of the consumers. The impact of the reference groups varies across the products as well as brands. In case of the visible products the impact of the reference groups is high. Reference groups also contain opinion leaders who impress others by their special skill, knowledge and other features. Family and friends: consumer behaviour is powerfully influenced by their family members. Therefore, the vendors always try to find the roles as well as influence of the family members to manipulate the decisions (Sagala et al., 2014). The decisions for purchasing some particular products are influenced by the eminent members whom the marketers try to target in their commercials. It is also important to note that roles of the members alters with the changing lifestyles of the consumers. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the behaviour of the consumer largely depends on the numerous factors in their lives. These can be internal elements to judge and decide before purchasing a product and the external factors also play important role in manipulating their purchase decisions. The companies previously did not have to judge the consumer behaviour in selling their products but with the change of time, the lifestyle, trends, values, attitudes and understanding have changed a lot. These act as influencer in the behaviours of the consumers. They have become more aware of the utility of their purchased products therefore, the companies need to research the market before they launch their products. References: Cantallops, A. S., Salvi, F. (2014). New consumer behavior: A review of research on eWOM and hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, 41-51. Cohen, S. A., Prayag, G., Moital, M. (2014). Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities.Current Issues in Tourism,17(10), 872-909. Farr?Wharton, G., Foth, M., Choi, J. H. J. (2014). Identifying factors that promote consumer behaviours causing expired domestic food waste.Journal of Consumer Behaviour,13(6), 393-402. Karimi, S., Papamichail, K. N., Holland, C. P. (2015). The effect of prior knowledge and decision-making style on the online purchase decision-making process: A typology of consumer shopping behaviour.Decision Support Systems,77, 137-147. Maity, M., Dass, M. (2014). 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The role of E-quality within the consumer decision making process.International Journal of Operations Production Management,34(12), 1506-1536. Zeugner-Roth, K. P., Ã… ½abkar, V., Diamantopoulos, A. (2015). Consumer ethnocentrism, national identity, and consumer cosmopolitanism as drivers of consumer behavior: A social identity theory perspective.Journal of international marketing,23(2), 25-54.